Logarithmic volume slider is basically a curve that increases faster as your volume increases. As a result, volumes slides are faster - this makes a chip with logarithmic volume control such as the Master System's SN76489A (slightly modified clone of the Colecovision's audio chip) the better choice for downward volume slides used for drums or note staccati.
A linear volume slider is linear for lack of a better word.
Can't find a clear explanation as to how it works, but a linear volume works by levels rather than curve or line.
In this case it's possible to imitate logarithmic volume on the instrument editor for 2A03 while in the 5B if I used something like Axx command will it go linear or logarithmic? (or it ignores this command and uses a different instrument editor?)
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You can notice this behavior working with the VRC7. The jumps in volume between each step get larger and larger but it never actually reaches zero (Only if a patch fades out completely).
Most PSG chips at the time had 4-bit volume control (15 volume levels + silence) The differing property to them was how loud each step was compared to other ones.
On the 2A03 a volume of 4 for example will be exactly half as loud as 8, but on the 5B , the 4 will be extremely quiet due to the logarithmic curve. The noise works differently. It allows more pitch values (it's a 5-bit division of a high base frequency as opposed to a 4-bit one on the NES as far as I remember) but doesn't allow as low noises as the 2A03.
Yeah, you might want to know that all these old chips create a frequency by dividing a base frequency given to them by an oscillator (from the CPU in most cases), that's why you might see the word period used.
The frequency is not as low because the 5B is merely a microprocessor that isn't more powerful than the 2A03 alone (or clocked at a lower speed than the 2A03?), am i right? Or does the 5B have to be more powerful to add more power on the NES?
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The sunsoft chip is not a microprocessor at all, it's a memory mapper with an integrated sound chip. It does not add any computational power at all.
It is possible to describe the differences in words, but the best way is probably to try experimenting yourself as rainwarrior suggested. Then you'll find out what it means in practice.
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